With the continued emergence of H5N1, commonly known as avian or bird flu, cases across the United States, health authorities are enhancing preventative measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued a recommendation for quicker and more comprehensive testing of hospitalized influenza A patients. This aims to differentiate between regular seasonal flu and the bird flu.

This expedited "subtyping" of influenza A in hospitalized individuals is a direct response to the sporadic occurrences of human bird flu infections, as explained in a CDC press release. The agency emphasized the importance of prompt subtyping for all influenza A samples from hospitalized patients, especially those in intensive care. This is crucial for timely diagnosis, improved patient management, effective infection control, and thorough case investigation. The CDC acknowledged that delays in identifying bird flu are more probable during peak flu season due to the increased patient load.

Healthcare providers are urged to utilize tests that can distinguish seasonal influenza A subtypes. A positive result for influenza A but negative for the seasonal subtypes suggests a potential novel influenza virus, possibly bird flu. This is particularly relevant for patients with a history of contact with potentially infected animals. During a recent health briefing, the CDC reiterated that the public risk from avian flu remains low but is under constant surveillance. The agency clarified that the enhanced testing protocol isn't due to missed bird flu cases, as most hospitalized influenza A patients likely have seasonal influenza.

Dr. Niels Riedemann, CEO of InflaRx, a biotech company, highlighted the significance of understanding these viral subtypes as a vital step in preparedness for potential outbreaks. He emphasized the importance of continued research into effective treatments, especially those targeting the inflammatory immune response that can lead to organ damage and even death, as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

According to the CDC, there have been 67 human bird flu cases since 2022, with 66 of those occurring in 2024. The CDC advises avoiding direct contact with wild birds and potentially infected animals. Those working in close proximity to animals should use appropriate personal protective equipment.